Aminoglycosides are associated with which adverse effects?

Aminoglycosides are associated with which adverse effects?

• A. Ototoxicity
• B. Nephrotoxicity
• C. Photosensitivity
• D. Hepatotoxicity

Answer: (B)

Nephrotoxicity is the most characteristic adverse effect of aminoglycosides. These drugs can accumulate in the cells of the proximal tubules in the kidney, leading to dose-related tubular injury and possible acute kidney dysfunction. Clinically this shows up as rising creatinine and, in some cases, reduced urine output. The risk rises with higher trough levels, longer courses, dehydration, preexisting kidney disease, and concurrent use of other nephrotoxic drugs, so monitoring renal function and drug levels, staying well hydrated, and using the lowest effective dose are important strategies to reduce this risk. Ototoxicity is also a known risk with aminoglycosides, affecting hearing and balance, and can be irreversible, especially with longer or higher-dose therapy. However, nephrotoxicity is the more consistently emphasized adverse effect in many contexts, which is why it’s highlighted as the best answer here. Photosensitivity and hepatotoxicity are not typical features of this class.

Nephrotoxicity is the most characteristic adverse effect of aminoglycosides. These drugs can accumulate in the cells of the proximal tubules in the kidney, leading to dose-related tubular injury and possible acute kidney dysfunction. Clinically this shows up as rising creatinine and, in some cases, reduced urine output. The risk rises with higher trough levels, longer courses, dehydration, preexisting kidney disease, and concurrent use of other nephrotoxic drugs, so monitoring renal function and drug levels, staying well hydrated, and using the lowest effective dose are important strategies to reduce this risk.

Ototoxicity is also a known risk with aminoglycosides, affecting hearing and balance, and can be irreversible, especially with longer or higher-dose therapy. However, nephrotoxicity is the more consistently emphasized adverse effect in many contexts, which is why it’s highlighted as the best answer here. Photosensitivity and hepatotoxicity are not typical features of this class.